Kiwi Blokes — Stereotypes From A Rural, Frontier... (Press, 12 August 1987)

In an exploration of New Zealand's male identity, Dr Jock Phillips, a researcher at Victoria University in Wellington, examines the stereotype of the Kiwi male and its evolution in his book "A Man's Country — the image of the pakeha male." Phillips argues that the self-image of New Zealand men, often summed up by the phrases "rugby, racing and beer," has repressive implications for both genders. He identifies historical events that shaped this stereotype, including the pioneer experience, the nation's drinking culture, the impact of rugby, and the male narratives stemming from participation in the two World Wars. Phillips claims that this stereotype constrains both men and women, leading to various societal issues. He highlights that the image of the Kiwi bloke has forced many men into roles that conflict with their true selves, resulting in wasted potential and unfulfilled interests. The masculinity ideal often discourages emotional expression, causing mental strain and social isolation among men, who feel pressured to adhere to traditional concepts of toughness and stoicism. The author points out that the narrative of New Zealand as an egalitarian society is misleading, as significant social and economic divisions persist. He argues that while Māori participation in male culture through rugby and warfare is often highlighted, it obscures the cultural disparities between races. Furthermore, Phillips contends that the historical view of New Zealand as a rural society has hampered its adaptation to the economic changes that began in the 1970s, hindering the country's resilience and creativity in uncertain times. While the male stereotype remains influential, especially in provincial areas, Phillips notes that urban centres like Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch are witnessing new role models and ideals that challenge the traditional views. He acknowledges the emergence of a new stereotype, characterised by self-promotion and wealth, but finds this equally unappealing. Reflecting on the past, Phillips identifies certain aspects of the traditional male image worth retaining, such as modesty and camaraderie, while recognising the harmful effects of rigid stereotypes that left little room for emotional vulnerability. He draws parallels between New Zealand's male stereotype and those of other British frontier societies like South Africa and Australia, emphasising that New Zealand's smaller population has historically limited diverse expressions of masculinity. Phillips' own personal experiences, particularly his marriage to feminist writer Phillida Bunkie, have heightened his awareness of how these stereotypes harm both men and women. He notes that the traditional male ethos has led to difficulties in male-female communication and spawned resentment towards women, who were often relegated to domestic roles. Dr Phillips concludes by emphasising the importance of understanding these historical perspectives and encourages men to engage with women's narratives to foster deeper empathy and awareness. He believes that a reevaluation of the traditional masculine identity is essential for developing healthier relationships between genders and for building a more inclusive society in New Zealand.

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