Stopping The Spread Of A.I.D.S. (Press, 8 October 1986)

In a comprehensive overview published on 8 October 1986, the evolving understanding of dentistry, particularly in relation to A.I.D.S., is examined. Historically perceived as a form of specialised carpentry, the practice of dentistry is increasingly recognised as a biological science, especially in light of the life-threatening infections emerging in the 20th century. A.I.D.S., first identified in 1981, has led to over 8000 deaths in the United States, prompting urgent education on prevention due to the absence of a known vaccine. The article highlights that the primary groups at risk of contracting A.I.D.S. include sexually active bisexual and homosexual males and intravenous drug users, with a small percentage of cases arising from blood transfusions. The virus spreads mainly through blood and semen, but it has also been found in tears and saliva, which directly impacts dental practice that often involves these bodily fluids. To protect both patients and dental staff, dental associations in the West have developed stringent protocols. These guidelines include the mandatory use of gloves, masks, and protective eyewear during procedures. The practices established to minimise risks associated with A.I.D.S. largely stem from earlier protocols developed to combat hepatitis B. Fortunately, evidence suggests that the A.I.D.S. virus is vulnerable to heat, making sterilisation effective in killing the virus. Moreover, studies indicate that casual contact does not transmit the disease, as shown in analyses of families with A.I.D.S. patients, which revealed no transmission through routine interactions. Even needle-stick injuries from A.I.D.S. infected blood carry less risk than those from hepatitis B. Dental professionals are emphasised as having a critical role in safeguarding their own health while ensuring patient safety. This involves the thorough cleansing and sterilisation of instruments after use. With advancements in disposal practices, hypodermic needles are no longer a concern as they are safely disposed of after single use. Despite clinical advances, reactions to dental care for patients with A.I.D.S. have varied significantly. Some dental professionals have refused treatment, while segments of society have unjustly blamed A.I.D.S. patients for their condition, ignoring the fact that many cases arise through no fault of the individuals infected. The article argues for empathy and duty in treating all patients, highlighting that many asymptomatic individuals with A.I.D.S. can be identified through dental examinations, where signs may be evident in the mouth. Finally, it stresses the importance of patients providing full medical histories, including any infections or symptoms they may experience. Honesty is crucial, as it not only ensures the best treatment but also helps protect other patients in the dental practice. The article concludes with a call for compassion and professional responsibility in treating patients affected by A.I.D.S., reinforcing the role of dentists in public health and care.

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