Herpes-related Virus Common (Press, 29 September 1984)

A little-known virus linked to herpes, known as cytomegalovirus (C.M.V.), poses significant health risks, particularly to unborn children in New Zealand, according to estimates cited by researcher Dr. Martin Tobias on 29 September 1984. Each year, the virus is estimated to contribute to the birth of around 50 children with mental retardation or deformities. Dr. Tobias noted that C.M.V. is responsible for 50 to 100 cases of congenital deafness and is connected to neurological disorders. Furthermore, it may be associated with the incidence of certain cancers linked to A.I.D.S. In a related report from Sydney, health experts indicated that nearly all homosexual men and approximately half of the heterosexual population are infected with C.M.V., highlighting its alarming spread as a sexually transmitted disease. While the virus can be transmitted through sexual contact, a significant number of infections in children occur through maternal transmission. Currently, no vaccine exists to protect against C.M.V. Dr. Tobias emphasised that while C.M.V. typically causes no symptoms in adults, it poses severe risks to specific groups: unborn children, premature or sick babies, and individuals with compromised immune systems, such as A.I.D.S. patients or those undergoing kidney transplants. The congenital risks arise primarily when a pregnant mother contracts the virus; estimates suggest this happens in about 2% of yearly births, leading to transmission through the placenta in about half of those cases. Infected infants may experience brain damage, deformities like enlarged organs, or minor neurological defects, including hearing loss. Maternal infections prior to pregnancy typically do not pose significant risks to the foetus, as the mother’s antibodies confer some immunity. Additionally, transmission can occur during birth and through breast milk, with about 20% of children infected by several months old, often without serious symptoms. Dr. Tobias mentioned that infections frequently occur after adolescence through activities like kissing and sexual contact, with most adults experiencing minor ailments like glandular fever. Dr. Tobias noted that homosexual men are particularly vulnerable due to practices that can lead to higher rates of infection, and a significant concern remains the association with A.I.D.S. Strong evidence indicates that C.M.V. may contribute to Kaposi’s Sarcoma, a form of cancer prevalent among A.I.D.S. patients. Efforts to develop a vaccine for C.M.V. are ongoing, though Dr. Tobias estimated that it could be five to ten years before one is available. In the meantime, he advocates for screening blood transfusions for pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals to mitigate infection risks. The New Zealand Health Department recognises C.M.V. but has historically prioritised research on diseases with available vaccines, such as rubella. However, as rubella control improves, C.M.V. may receive more attention in future health initiatives.

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