Italian Vote Hits Vatican (Press, 15 May 1974)

On 14 May 1974, hundreds of thousands of Italians celebrated in major cities following a decisive referendum in which 59.1 per cent of voters rejected proposals to abolish the country's existing divorce laws. This outcome not only marked a significant triumph for supporters of divorce but also highlighted a considerable defeat for the Christian Democrats, Italy's ruling political party, and the Roman Catholic Church, both of which had advocated for the repeal of the laws. The pro-divorce stance was buoyed by buoyant support from the Italian Communist Party, which actively campaigned against the abolition efforts. The aftermath of the referendum saw jubilant and often boisterous demonstrations across Italy, with revelers proclaiming slogans such as "Communism shall conquer" and directing chants toward the Secretary of the Christian Democratic Party, Mr Amintor Fanfani. The protests took on a celebratory tone, with some participants burning millions of pamphlets that had urged a "Yes" vote for repeal. However, the festivities turned violent in certain areas. In Naples, clashes erupted between Leftist and Rightist youths, resulting in injuries and police intervention, including the use of tear gas. In Milan, Leftist individuals attacked and ignited fires at Right-wing labour union offices, while in Bergamo, where anti-divorce sentiments prevailed, protestors vandalised a building belonging to a Catholic newspaper. The Christian Democrats, supported by the Catholic Church, had argued against retaining the divorce laws on various grounds. They claimed that allowing divorce would lead to Communist influence, disrupt family unity, and potentially open the door to legalisation of abortion and same-sex marriages. Despite their extensive campaigning, the vote reflected a broader societal shift that even reached regions known for their conservative views on divorce, where a few areas chose to uphold the laws. The check on Fanfani's power marks a pivotal moment for the Christian Democrat party, with speculation brewing about his leadership position following this defeat. Yet, the party faces uncertainty over potential successors capable of stepping into his role.

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