Pollination By Unusual Ways (Press, 16 January 1970)
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Summary: Pollination By Unusual Ways (Press, 16 January 1970)
The article discusses the unique pollination methods of orchids belonging to the sub-tribe Catasetinae, which includes three genera: Catasetum, Mennodes, and Cynoches. This sub-tribe is distinctive within the orchid family because its male and female flowers typically grow on separate plants, differing from the more common bisexual orchids. There are a total of 117 species in this sub-tribe, each capable of producing either male or female flowers depending on their growth conditions. It has been observed that orchids growing in full sunlight with adequate moisture tend to develop into robust plants that produce female flowers. Conversely, if these conditions are less than optimal, the plants will be smaller and produce male flowers. Moreover, these orchids can exhibit flexibility in their flowering; a plant might produce male flowers one year and switch to female or even a mix of flower types the following year. In their natural habitats in the tropical regions of Central and South America, a high ratio of male to female flowers is noted, primarily due to the dense jungle environments. Male flowers are transient, lasting only about five days, and emit a strong scent reminiscent of clove oil a couple of days after blooming. In contrast, female flowers can remain viable for up to six weeks if they are not fertilised. Pollination is primarily accomplished by bees attracted to the flowers by their fragrance. To access the nectar, bees need to scratch the surface of the flower's lip. This nectar seems to have an intoxicating effect, prompting bees to revisit the same bloom multiple times. During their visits, as the bees navigate into the flower, they brush against a sensitive organ that triggers the explosive release of pollen, which then attaches to their bodies. If a flower does not receive a visit from a bee within a day or two of releasing its scent, it can eject its pollen automatically. The transfer of pollen to female flowers occurs through a similar process. When a bee is attracted to the scent of a female flower, it re-enters the bloom, seeking nectar. In the process of exiting, it backs out, which facilitates the transfer of pollen from the bee's body to the stigma, effectively completing the pollination cycle.
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