Psychological Causes Of Crime (Press, 29 June 1968)

On 29 June 1968, Dr B. James, a senior lecturer in psychological medicine at the University of Otago, addressed the Canterbury Mental Health Association's annual meeting in Christchurch, discussing the relationship between societal frustration and crime. He noted that while not all crime can be attributed to psychiatric illness, there are significant socio-economic factors and deep-rooted early childhood experiences that can lead individuals to criminal behaviour. One example he highlighted was the prevalence of shoplifting among women, attributing such actions to unresolved crises that can emerge from one's childhood. Dr James elaborated that many adult behaviours, including promiscuity and irresponsible actions, often stem from issues faced in childhood. He commended the Canterbury Mental Health Association for its efforts in educating the community about healthy child-rearing practices, emphasising the importance of children feeling wanted and loved as fundamental to their ability to form friendships and love later in life. He further expressed concern over the New Zealand tendency toward physical discipline, arguing that this could lead to detrimental outcomes exemplified by the "battered baby" syndrome. Dr James drew attention to the emotional turmoil surrounding separations of young children from their parents due to hospitalisation, questioning existing regulations that prevent children under 12 from visiting parents in such settings. He suggested that accommodating arrangements to allow parental presence in hospitals would be beneficial. He challenged conventional notions of mental health care, asserting that for every individual seeking treatment, there are five to ten others who require psychological or psychiatric support but do not present themselves. He warned against categorising individuals with "isms" such as alcoholism or homosexuality, arguing that these labels reduce a person's complexity and can absolve them of personal responsibility by suggesting their condition is a medical issue rather than a personal choice. During the meeting, new officers of the Canterbury Mental Health Association were also elected, with Dr H. D. Livingstone taking the presidency. Others in elected positions included Professor H. R. Gray as vice-president, the Rev. C. A. Mitchell as secretary, and Mr J. B. Hindon as treasurer, alongside a diverse executive team comprising medical and community members. Dr James's presentation underlined the intricate links between mental health, childhood experiences, and societal behaviour, calling for greater community involvement and understanding in addressing these issues.

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